In the current era of hybrid warfare, European critical infrastructure has become the new front line, where resilience is not optional, but essential.
In recent years, the evolution of the European approach to critical infrastructure security has accelerated. Complex threats, combining physical disruptions, disinformation, cyber attacks and covert tactics, demonstrate the ability to affect systems far beyond their immediate environment. Incidents affecting energy networks and communication cables highlight a new reality: critical infrastructure is increasingly exposed to multi-domain risks.
These actors aim not only to disrupt services, but also to undermine trust and operational stability. Neutrality does not guarantee protection. In response, the European Union has introduced initiatives such as the Critical Entity Resilience (CER) Directive, guidelines on emerging technological risks, and proposals to strengthen the security of submarine communication systems. These measures underscore shared responsibility: while public authorities define strategic frameworks, private operators must ensure resilience against non-traditional threats.
Infrastructure protection is shifting from static defence to adaptive resilience. Organisations should re-evaluate security models, identify critical assets and develop integrated ecosystems capable of withstanding diverse challenges. In an era where technological complexity and global interdependencies converge, safeguarding infrastructure is no longer optional, but a collective imperative.
Critical infrastructures are now a frontline; neutrality offers no immunity.
Hybrid threats exploit systemic vulnerabilities, aiming to disrupt services and erode public trust.
Infrastructure security is a shared duty: governments guard against warfare, private operators ensure resilience.
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